1
(r
Arr
fly
'I
i
'I
Ti
"Ys
J
,
wtjtilK-'m
i
in.
-A
SCHhDI'LEI)
TO
GO
INTO
PRODUCTION
this
sum-
extreme
rie;ht
is
shown
the
approach
to
the
main
dock
a
conveyor
transports
alumina
ore
from
yhip's
hold
to
the
horsepower
of
developed
electrical
energy
during
nipr
i'
the
giant
aluminum
smelter
at
Kitimat,
B.C.,
and
the
estuary
of
the
Kitimat
River
which
has
been
smelter.
To
the
left
is
seen
the
terminal
of
the
50-mile
its
first
stage
of
operation,
costing
more
than
pictured
above
in
the
panoramic
photograph
supplied
by
dredged
to
allow
navigation
by
deep-sea
ships.
From
the
transmission
line
which
stretches
to
the
Kemano
Bay
$250,000,000.
the
Aluminum
Company
of
Canada
Limited.
At
the
dock
to
the
buildings
in
the
centre
housing
the
potlines,
powerhouse,
from
which
the
plant
will
draw
4u,uuu
.
Industrial
Giant
Comes
to
Life
Wilderness
Gives
j
Birth
to
New
City
Transformation
from
wilderness
to
civilization,
already
underway
in
the
wake
of
m
industrial
drama,
r
I
'
'
-
1
A
new
industrial
giant
will
come
to
life
some
time
this
summer
when
the
first
aluminum
ingot
is
poured
at
the
Aluminum
Company
of
Canada's
smelters
at
Kitimat,
B.C.
mark
the
genesis
of
British
Columbia's
newest
community
Jof
Kitimat
B.C.'s
first
Aluminum
City.
I
Three
years
after
the
first
brush
was
cleared
on
the
thank's
of
the
Kitimat
River,
initial
stage
of
the
gigantic
fsmelter
of
Aluminum
Company
of
Canada
is
preparing
Ifor
production
next
month.
.
I
And
eight
miles
up
the
valley,
j
fronstruction
Is
being
rushed
on!
ment
nd
throuKh
the
,aKs
Situated
400
miles
north
of!
Vancouver
and
100
miles
south-
all
B.C.,
providing
a
steady
mar-
east
of
Prince
Rupert,
this
Ket
of
steel,
cement
and
other
line
first
400
homes
of
Canada's
that
may
ultimately
see
it
as
Smost
modern
city.
I
Kitlmat
will
have
to
he
the
iinost
modern
community
In
the
tffMintru
if
th
nlan
fnr
Ua
riai'ul.
cend
to
populations
oi
J3
to
au
thousand.
Announcing
the
plan
a
year
ago,
an
Alcan
official
stated:
"In
essence,
the
master
Dlan-
giant
project
Is
the
biggest
sin-(construction
materials
manufae-gle
post-war
development
in
tured
In
the
province.
Canada
by
private
industry.
Great
benefits
also
were
re-Beginning
of
operation
of'ved
by
transportation
com-the
huge
underground
power-
panies
which
handled
the
thou-house
at
Kemano
Bay
'
and
s-nds
of
tons
of
materials
In
a
transmission
of
450,000
horse-'
steady
stream
during
the
two-power
of
electricity
over
a
50-1
year
construction
period,
mile
line
will
start
the
manufae-
A
good
deal
of
the
high-level
ture
of
aluminum
ending
three
construction,
especially
on
the
years
of
hard
slugging
by
thou-j
transmission
line,
Involved
tha
sands
of
men
in
this
rugged
constant
use
of
a
fleet
of
hell-coastal
wilderness.
copters.
npment
is
followed.
Its
design
ners
have
conceived
the
town
Is
a
town
Dlanner's
dream.
The!...
-
,v,
,.,ri,.
,a
Aluminum
Company
of
Canada
hi,
f,mMv
,n
,ninv
life.
The
Jias
provided
it
and
the
munici
jpmphasi5
ls
piac(.d
on
neigh-rpal
council
has
vowed
it
will;
borh0od
living,
each
with
its
be
executed.
The
'local
shopping
centre
When
the
project
strides
into
EXCITING
PROJECT
S?SJfIlSUCt'.?1;
Alcan's
"B.C
Project"
has
ex-
$050
000,000
will
have
gone
lntO
;dte,
world.wide
intere8t,
Break.
The
MastPr
Plan
of
Kimitat
,
pattern
not
only
provides
pleas-is
deljned
to
take
care
of
the
ant.
safe,
and
convenient
living,
community's
initial
develop-
It
is
also
economical
in
layout.
Best
Town
in
the
World
I
the
development.
ing
into
a
new
and
undeveloped
iregion,
establishing
a
new
fron
Biggest
single
feat
of
the
entire
project
was
to
turn
an
I
"W
want
Kitimat
to
be
one
vide
sea
anA
rail
facilities,
all
eastern
flow
of
a
chain
of
tier,
building
a
new
plant
and
'a
city
chopped
out
of
forests,
jand
buidling
an
ocean
port
70
lakes
back
against
a
western
:.'
the
best,
If
not
the
town
in
the
world,"
best,
1
within
reach
of
the
power
de-i
velopment.
i
I
miles
from
the
open
ocean.
mountain
wall,
producing
a
reservoir
from
which
an
ulti
;,
Kitimat
is
located
on
the
54th
J
Reeve
W.
H.
Sparks,
who
guided
the
initial
construction
ihave
a
romantic
appeal
to
ths
parallel,
at
the
head
of
an
open
mate
2.200.000
horsepower
general
public,
but
also
proved
a
alley
where
the
river
of
the;
of
the
smelter
site
and
now
Is
will
be
developed.
challenge
to
professional
en-
This
involved
damming
of
the
ineers
tut
name
empties
into
Doug-
resident
engineer
of
town
de-JJhj
Channel,
70
miles
from
open'
velopment,
is
enthusiastic.
fa.
Across
the
channel
is
the
"The
whole
council
is
delight-1
ancient
village-
oi
luumai,
ine;ea
wun
ine
ai-sign.
ii
may
w
,
r
ime
of
te
Haisla
Indians.
j
sound
idealistic
in
.theory,
but
y-
It
is
considered
the
best
and'lt
Is
principally
sound.
f
V"-
Nechako
River
with
the
third
highest
rock-fill,
clay-core
damSET
RECORDS
in
the
world
to
raise
the
level
'
Meanwhile,
construction
of
a
chain
of
lakes
in
Tweeds-
workers
and
excavators
worked
rnuir
Park
and
form
a
water
against
time
to
meet
the
1954
storage
120
miles
long,
2,800
deadline
set
three
years
before.
feet
above
sea
level.
For
example,
four
times
dur-
10
MILE
TUNNEL
in
tne
tunnel
driving,
world
records
were
broken.
The
last
Th?.
I
his
reservoir
h..
has
v,
been
con-
'
.
....
.
..
.
.
...
.
,
record,
still
standing,
was
a
iiuv
piane
wnere
mere
is
enougn!
we
win
oo
ever'inmz
in
our
.,
.
land
to
permit
development
of
power
to
see
that
we
have
a
Industry
and
a
townsite
of
an
model
city,
the
most
modern
In
'extensive
basis
and
still
pro-1
the
country."
Dock
fs
made
of
concrete
caissons.
Behind
the
dock
is
the
conveyor
to
the
plant,
nearing
completion.
Another
dock
which
can
be
seen
in
the
distance,
jutting
out
into
Douglas
Channel,
provides
moorage
for
passenger
vessels.
Hl'GE
DOCK
AT
KITDIAT
will
accommodate
two
deep-sea
freighters
at
a
time
and
is
equipped
with
one
general
purpose
loading
crane,
and
a
specially
designed
crane
for
unloading
powdered
alumina
from
ships'
holds.
282-foot
drive
through
solid
teet
in
diameter
through
the
T
raff
ic
Routing
Makes
Difference
I
The
main
difference
bet
ween
j
There
will
be
no
alleys.
Fronts
the
design
of
future
Kitimat
and
of
the
homes
face
out
towards
-conventional
communities
is
in
open
spaces
and
walkways.
i'the
system
of
traffic
routes,
I
Each
such
section
points
to-rint
'
out
Cyril
Henderson,
wards
the
centre
of
a
neigh-
its
extensive
alcan
workers
Newest
B.C.
Municipality
Adopts
Gti
brtLIAL
V-'
!
1
i
C..-J.
v-ivic
v-ounu.-fvianager
oybiem
Plants
and
headquarters
In
east-times
2.600
vertical
feet
16
the
drop
of
Niagara
Falls,
j""
"f
,also
recenty
fot
"
Jamaica,
where
it
con-penstocks,
At
the
discharge
end
of
the
a
powerhouse
cavern
!f.tructf
ux!
e
ntr..
has
been
excavated
one
quarter
l1""1
P'j
Ba"xilte
is,
th
raw
ln
mile
inside
a
mountain
of
olid1?
Sme!tingt
a'umln,ura'
concentrated
!ro
H.ve.nn.:but
'"S
rock
First
t,
nf
numcipai
manager
ana
lormer
,
Dornooa
in
wnicn
are
locateaj
tifKi
irk
if
rF
A
I
professional
town
planner.
parks
and
playgrounds,
schools
nCJUjliO
DEAL
i
All
arterial
trailic
will
he
and
shopping
centre.
eluding
the
aluminum
plant,
"No
child
will
have
to
cross
routed
around
residential
neigh
were
$13,290,375.
Tax
rate
of
57.7
mills
is
based'
.
.
...m
w.
i..
alumina
(oxide
of
aluminum)
Kitimat,
British
Columbia's
I
The
whole
council
is
happy
newest
city
in
the
making,
is
with
the
plan
and
looks
for-the
third
municipality
in
the
.ward
to
a
bright
future
for
province
to
adopt
the
council-'
Kitimat.
Says
Reeve
W.
H.
manger
plan
of
civic
govern-j
Sparks:
iliicin
ui
iiir
Layriu
will
uc
laije
i
before
shipping
cuts
bulk
and
on
100
per
cent
of
land
and
75enough
to
house
fight
generat.
borhoods.
Throughout
the
whole
system,
there
will
be
no
(j'"eert
for
pedestrians
to
walk
in
the
way
of
vehicular
traffic.
1
Even
the
residential
streets
ffhould
be
free
of
foot
traffic.
per
cent
of
improvement
as-!,
units
of
150
000
horsepower;00!!',1"
h"-
.
home
will
that
a
least
sessmems.
Average
Js
elt
each
Fu
deve,oped,
the
cav-i
a
major
street
or
walk
further
than
a
quarter-mile
in
going
to
school,"
said
Mr.
Henderson.
First
couple
to
occupy
the
dwellings
now
being
erected
moved
In
on
March
15
this
year.
By
Christinas,
it
is
expected
400
families
will
comprise
the
nucleus
of
Neighborhood
A
designed
to
house
5.000
persons.
.
iuuui
-
y'-;ern
will
be
1,100
feet
long
and
"
Z
T
Z.i
,
"
,
"
Council
hopes
that
the
B.C.
,i,i
0nlai
mra
month
at
Kitimat
with
alumina.
Telephone
Co.
will
provide
tele-jtors
of
the
same
horsepower,l
Must
streets
will
lead
off
from
the
boulevards
or
arterial
roads
in
semi-oval
loops,
with
the
rear
of
housea
fronting
the
streets.
u"ifed
by
a
twin
to
the
first
10-1
ture.
Up
to
now,
communica
ment.
"We
believe
there
Is
every
And
selected
to
manage
civic
chance
for
Kitimat
to
become
affairs
was
Cyril
McC.
Hender-lthe
finest
and
one
of
the
most
son,
an
expert
in
town
planning
'
prosperous
cities
in
Canada,
called
to
the
townsite
by
the
i
don't
think
it
will
be
long
Aluminum
Co.
of
Canada
to,
before
a
highway
will
be
built
help
organize
Kitlmat's
first
ad-jto
connect
us
with
Terrace
and
ministration.
the
northern
trans
-
provincial
A
vigorous
exponent
of
the
;
highway.
Such
a
road
together
council-manager
plan,
Mr.
Hen-1
with
the
railroad
which
Is
derson
recommended
such
a
scheduled
to
operate
this
winter
government
for
the
new
city.
He
'
will
make
Kitimat
an
important
mile
tunnel
and
two
more
penstocks.
,
tion
between
various
departments
at
the
smelter
site
and
'Reefers'
Used
By
Railways
60
Years
Ago
Planned
to
Develop
in
Four
Stages
between
Kitimat
and
outside
FIRST
STAGE
$5,000,000
by
the
end
of
1955
points
has
been
provided
by
Installation
of
three
generat-radio
telephone.
(ing
units
aggregating
450.000
A
scheduled
bus
system
Is
horsepower
now
is
beine
eom-
Since
the
Grand
Trunk
Rail-
i
operated
by
the
company,
but
is
pleted.
These
will
provide
suf.
also
supervised
drafting
the
seaport.
framework
of
Kitimafs
Munici-I
r
ct.
..,
.w.
1"'"
"
"""u
y;itcient
power
lor
tne
present
way,
now
part
oi
tne
Canadian
for
public
works
and
schools.
The
1954
current,
revenue
budget
nudges
$1,000,000.
The
B.C.
government
authorized
the
new
council
to
borrow
the
$5,000,000
during
the
first
three
years
in.
order
to
get
it
There
are
10
such
neighbor-boods
Included
in
the
Master
rin
and
their
development
will
correspond
to
the
industrial
expansion
of
the
aluminum
plant
and
secondary
Industry.
Expansion
is
planned
in
'nur
stages:
Stage
1,
entered
now,
is
ex
Ifirst
staee
smelter
develoDment
National
system,
introduced
the
,
.....
voiiiiiitri
Liai
imr.
Employees
of
Aluminum
Company
of
Canada
Ltd.
at
Kitimat
who
purchase
homes
on
the
new
townsite
in
1954
will
get
a
special
deal
through
a
plan
of
company
assistance.
To
encourage
employees
to
buy
or
build
their
own
homes
Alcan
has
promised
this
year
to
make
available
second
mortgage
loans,
then
contribute
to
the
employee
monthly
a
bonus
of
$2.85
for
each
$1,000
of
the
approved
value
of
the
house.
The
plan,
which
applies
to
Alcan
employees
only,
was
adopted
partially
because
of
the
high
cost
of
building
during
Initial
development
of
the
townsite.
It
makes
it
possi-'
ble
for
an
employee
to
buy
a
$14,000
home
for
$700
(or
5
per
cent
I
down
and
a
monthly
payment
of
$05.24,
Including
taxes,
Insurance,
repairs
and
maintenance.
To
protect
the
purchaser,
Alcan
will
buy
back
the
house
at
an
approved
price
less
depreciation
if
at
any
time
during
the
first
10
years
the
employee
vacates
the
premises
In
good
repair.
The
plan
Is
administered
by
the
property
department
in
Kitimat
and
Vancouver,
where
further
information
is
availahle.
pal
Code,
only
such
form
of
leg-
construction
of
a
lumber
assem-
The
community
is
already
0f
91,000
tons
of
aluminum
a
first
refrigerator
car
in
Canada
lsiation
oenevea
10
exisi
in
"
iin
1895,
the
use
of
"reefers"
to
bly
wharf
as
a
future
develop-
serviced
by
a
network
of
roads'yegr
...merit
with
Kitimat
taking
a
'
Canada.
with
the
main
thoroughfare!
a
circuit
transmis-carry
perishable
commodities
The
Code
is
a
'master
bylaw"
.0UDle
maor
nart
in
lumber
shipments
ki,M,
.
i
.
f.
.
1
.
-
mavn-iui,
.ui
.vcai
o.
SK)n
,me
t
very
neaw
con-
nas
grown
Dy
leaps
ana
Dounas.
setting
out
an
indexed
order
of
from
central
interior
B.C.
An
estimated
$770,000
will
Je
struclion
started.
Close
to
$3,000,000
worth
of
facilities
the
council
will
have
to
provide
already
have
been
installed,
or
are
under
crossing
over
tnei
Ust
year
the
CNR
carried
n,
ntu.nl
O
fWl
AAA
Ans
t
mWcU.
Kildala
pent
Dy
ine
municipality
onj5
3no.foot
legislation
ior
eacn
category
011
.
...
.
,
,
administration.
New
bylaws
are
added
.h
.
to
the
Code
as
..
amend-'
mnH.'be
u,
w
"
about
h
"ul
,
m
a
deep-sea
ueep-sea
ship
snip
a
a
pected
to
reach
lull
development
ty
1957
and
corresponds
to
the
first
stage
of
the
io.uis
unui
iv.u
wun
pav.ng
10
carrv
tne
poWer
t
the
smelter
able
traffic.
This
included
fish
-
month
calling
at
Kitimat
withibegin
the
following
year,
ment.
..
at
Kitimat.
from
the
Atlantic
and
Pacific
construction
by
Alcan.
They
Include
a
million-dollar
bridge
smelter
of
two
potlines
which
will
require
1,000
The
council-manager
plan
was
'a",,"l",a''V'
;
"lc
'unnum
The
power
site
nd
the
de-Icoasts
to
markets
across
Can-
sifrn
nf
ihe
nmtept
nt
nrh
'ada
ahd
the
United
States.
,,1,,
for
i
In
,l
the
lrta
.auicnri,
UUl
lull
UlUUUCIIIin
Ul3lll,WW
US
113
MiaFC
Ul
4IIUU1
over
the
Kitimat
River,
roads,
and
a
$1,500,000
water
and
provided
incorpora
costs
for
the
present
and
follow
.
tnat
ui,imat.
expansion
to
a
Fresh
fruits
and
vegetables,
the
final
stage
of,
the
plant
would
require
one
ship
every
Stage
2
when
ultimately
de-
sewer
systems.
inK
vr.,
u
.
imrara
um
,al
generating
capacity
of
:
transported
by
refrigerator
tion
of
the
district
municipality
in
March,
1953.
After
election
of
the
six
councillors
and
reeve,
council
asked
Mr.
Henderson
to
six
days,
teacherages
to
accommodate
veloped
will
provide
housing
i
Still
under
construction,
the
and
facilities
for
12,000
to
water-sewer
project
Is
expected
2.200.000
horsepower
to
pro-
i
cars,
can
now
be
found
in
duce
550.000
tons
of
aluminum
produce
stores
in
every
province
"Shinning
will
be
a
maiori
teaching
staff.
secondary
Industry
for
Kiti-
,
Civic
officials
are
also
study-,
a
yMr
f'n
attalnpd
be
Its
manager.
13,000
people
and
corresponds
j
to
service
500
lota
by
Septem
to
double
the
capacity
of
the;
ber.
jand
in
every
season.
From
the
initial
car
put
into
The
36-year-old
civil
engineer
'mat,"
Reeve
Sparks
forecasts.
a
plan
to
provide
or
assist
civic
employees
with
houslng
OTHER
INDUSTRIES
was
born
in
Los
Angeles,
but!
Meanwhile,
the
council
Is
service
nearly
60
years
ago,
the
smelter,
i.e.,
four
potlines.
I
Such
Installations
will
either
st..
...in
.hJb
purchased
direct
from
Alcan
accommodation.
At
the
same
time,
Alcan
of-
CNR's
"reefer"
fleet
has
irroivm
gained
his
education
ln
Lon-
initiatlnc
the
expenditure
of
thlAl.nl
In.l.lli
llii,vl
mn
'-""l""J
"
ficials
say,
there
will
be
ample
t0
n(,arlv
4,700
unts.
Over
300
power
available
at
Kitimat
for
f
these
are
used
In
evnress
don,
England,
graduating
with
$5,000,000
to
provide
services;
Da
British
""
Columbia
a
Bachelor
of
Science
degree,
and
utilities
for
the
new
city.
y
r
'
hiit-cAri
hf
Ih.
rvmnininslitv
At
present,
the
civic
offices
British
Columbia,
west
coast
other
industrial
atid
commercial
service
and
the
remainder
In
Following
three
years
as
tech-i
Decision
is
expected
soon
on
a
are
located
near
the
smelter
j
rARArAo
Venezuela
(Rent.1
nical
officer
in
the
RAF,
Mr.
i
proposal
to
install
a
fluoridation
province
of
Canada,
has
an
uses,
and
foresee
fast
develop-1
freight
service,
potlines
and
is
dmrigned
for
a
maximum
of
25,000
people.
Stage
four
is
the
largest
major
expansion
program
for
the
townsite
as
well
as
the
site
In
the
temporary
AlcaR
0iI-Lr,vThe
economic
committee!JIenderson
aedot,d
to
study
System
in
the
water
works,
area
of
366.2.i5
square
miles
and
ment
or
secondary
industries
at:-
Over
the
years
many
innova-
fice
building.
Current
years;
t.
town
planning,
which
would
be
the
first
in
the
as
Dig
as
wasningion.
laano.
b.l.
s
newest
inausiriai
centre,
tions
and
improvements
have
province.
jMontana,
Wyoming
and
some
of
i
Five
square
miles
of
Indus-
j
been
made
in
refrigerator
cars.
plant.
Designed
for
a
popu
budget
will
provide
extensive
purchases
of
supplies
and
equipment.
No
concrete
plans
for
a
The
water
system,
now
under.
Norm
uaKota.
triai
acreage
nas
open
set
asiae
i
shipments
are
now
carried
at
latlon
of
50,000,
this
stage
The
Coast
Range
mountains,
1
along
Kitimafs
waterfront.
A
anv
SPt
temperature
as
low
as
construction,
has
been
designed
for
maximum
protection
against
goes
hand-in-hand
with
the
municipal
hall
have
been
formed
ence
here
has
urged
interna-
"e
aaTea
irom
me
Mas-
tional
consultation
before
agri-1
sachussetts
Institute
of
Tech-
cultural
surpluses
are
sold
in,"0
"
Wlth
Master,
degree
world
markets,
to
avoid
harm-l
He
PPototed.-re.ident
ing
normal
production
by
other
Pla"n,n,
H!rd,'or
at
countries.
The
committee
also
,
Kl"mal,
forH
Alcan
'
19,53-
.
,
,.,
-i-!
Mr.
Henderson
admits
that
northern
extension
of
the
Sler-;
concrete
products
plant
is
al-fjVe
degrees
below
zero.
ra-Cascade
system,
raise
snow-
ready
in
operation.
Other
in-
A
mechanical
refrigerator
car
fire,
says
Mr.
Henderson.
Source
of
water
is
ln
four
wells
capped
peaks
in
a
northwester-
dustries
have
bought
sites
and
and
a
compact
container
for
ultimate
development
of
the
but
council
expects
to
have
25
smelter
with
its
capacity
in-
civic
employees
by
the
end
of
"eased
to
12
potlines.
At
this
year
and
double
that
num-
thl
.tana
fUnr.
,n,,lH
ka
an
,
u..
m-.C
nofr
rl.lf
In
not
be
destrojed.
totals!snould
estimated
14.200
Alcan
em-
eluding
the
manager,
townsite
is
"revolutionary"
and
Ployees.
seven.
near
the
Kitimat
River
fromjly
line
roughly
parallel
to
the
will
move
In
shortly.
handling
less
than
carload
lots
where
it
is
pumped
to
a
million-Tacific
coast.
!
A
forest
management
license
are
now
being
tested
by
the
gallon
reservoir.
I
Deep
salt-water
Inlets
reach
has
been
applied
for
by
a
com-company.
Preliminary
assessment
of
Inland
up
to
70
miles
through.
pany
which
plans
to
build
a
'-
land
In
the
new
municipality
which
ocean
ships
can
pass
with
$60,000,000
pulp
and
paper
mill.
!
EARLY
TRADERS
totals
$60S,92S
of
which
$56,480
ease,
dwarfed
by
the
4.000
tojusing
Alcan
power.
j
The
first
white
trader,
is
exempt.
v
Assessment'of
im-
5.000-foot
mountains
that
rise
The
multi-mjiUion-dollar
proj-
reached
the
Peace
River
in
provements
lor
last
year,
in-
abruptly
from
the
water.
lect
already
has
been
a
boon
to'northern
Alberta
about
17S6.
I
GREAT
RIVER
"a
radical
departure
from
con-
development!
The
Columbia
River
flows
l.-
ventional
town
plans
in
Can-
Meanwhile
ih.
mnnirinall
Alcan.
as
the
council
whih
t
no,ivl
company
of
Kitimat
and
owner
400
miles
to
the
Pacific
and
its
ada."
There
are
only
about
Incorporated
district
of
60'of
most
lands
except
those
re-j
basin
has
been
computed
st
four
such
plans
In
the
U.S
square
miles
will
spend
some1
.
(Continued
on
Page
10)
j
nearly
300,000
square
miles.
I
to
date.